Mechanisms of Action
Benzodiazepines enhance the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the CNS (Clayton & Willihnganz, 2017).
Exact mechanism of action is not understood completely, but it is speculated that:
1.) Benzos bind with GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complexes resulting in increased levels of GABA (Clayton & Willihnganz, 2017). |
2.) Higher levels of GABA open more chloride ion channels in the postsynaptic clefts between nerve cells (Clayton & Willihnganz, 2017). |
3.) Higher levels of chloride ions negatively charge the neuron and prevent further excitation of the cell (Clayton & Willihnganz, 2017). |
4.) Less cell excitation results in the various effects of benzodiazepine medications: anti-anxiety, anti-seizure, sedation/hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxant, & anesthetic adjunct (Clayton & Willihnganz, 2017). |